AN OVERVIEW ON COVID-19 INDUCED AVASCULAR HIP NECROSIS

Dr. Vankodoth Sireesha*, M. Pratibha, M. Sunil Kumar, CH. Kanna Reddy and R. Lavanya

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 adversely impacts a number of human body systems as a part of ‗long COVID-19, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, lung fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, cardiomyopathy, and sensory dysfunction, one of which is Avascular Necrosis. The purpose of this article is to review AVN as a long-term sequel to COVID-19 by describing an overview of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a degenerative bone condition characterized by cellular death and bone collapse from compromised subchondral blood circulation. Vascular disruption, hypertension, intravascular occlusion, or extravascular impingement all contribute to the onset of AVN by decreasing bone circulation. AVN can be caused by a variety of conditions, but the most frequent predisposing factor for AVN is corticosteroids used in the management of COVID-19. Although the pathogenesis of steroid-induced AVN is not fully understood, several hypothesized mechanisms have been put forth, including abnormalities in bone marrow stem cells, vascular endothelial dysfunction, fat emboli, fat hypertrophy, and a hypercoagulable state. The breakdown of vascular function and the emergence of bone necrosis are caused by the interaction of a hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable condition. Along with a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, the diagnosis can be verified by performing one of the following tests: X-ray, CT, MRI, bone scan, biopsy, and bone functionality assessment. The goals of treatment for AVN include reducing pain, slowing the disease's progression, avoiding collapse, and restoring joint function, which are achieved by using medications, surgical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.

Keywords: Avascular necrosis, Covid-19, Corticosteroids, Bone Necrosis.