APPLICATION OF CT SCAN IN UROLITHIASIS

Bikram Basnet, Prof. Liu Jincai* and Zhao Heng

ABSTRACT

Imaging has an essential part in the diagnosis, management and follow- up of cases with renal stone complaint. A variety of imaging modalities are available these days including conventional X-ray, intravenous urography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) scans, each with its advantages and limitations. IVU was once regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing renal stones, but unenhanced spiral CT scan has largely taken its place at most centers these days. For suspected renal stones in children and pregnant women, renal US is advised as the initial imaging technique. For the follow-up of radiopaque calculus, plain radiography is advised.. Plain radiography is suggested for the follow- up of radiopaque calculus, with ultrasound and limited IVU reserved for the follow- up of radiolucent calculi to minimize radiation exposure from repeated CT scan. Cases with asymptomatic calyceal stones can have a monthly KUB to see progression of stone size and position.[1] Spiral CT is superior to US and IVU in the demonstration of renal calculi but because of its high cost, higher radiation dose and high workload, it can be reserved for cases where US and IVU do not show the cause of symptoms.

Keywords: renal stones, ct scan, mri, dual energy ct scan.