PATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT OF POLY CYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE: A REVIEW

Hardik Dalal* and Dr. Shelly Garg

ABSTRACT

PCOS, an abbreviation for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women reproductive age. Women diagnosed with PCOS exhibit multiple symptoms like irregular menstrual periods, acne, excessive hair on the body and the face, heavy periods, pelvic pain, infertility and patches of dark and thick skin. The criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS, stated that presence of any two of the following three conditions are present, Excess androgen activity, Oligo-ovulation/anovulation, and Polycystic ovaries. Approximately 2-20 % women between the ages of 18 and 44 years are affected. Majority of women that have PCOS are either obese or have insulin resistance. The irregularity of menstrual periods, excess hair on the face and body, heavy menstrual periods, pelvic pain, acne, infertility and thick patches of dark and velvety skin are some of the most profound symptoms of PCOS. Other conditions that are linked with PCOS are obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, type II diabetes, mood disorders, heart disease and endometrial cancer. Obesity, lack of exercise and a family history of the condition are major risk factors leading to PCOS. Pelvic ultrasound, although is a major diagnostic means, apart from that GTT and other blood tests can also be performed. As of now, PCOS doesn’t have a cure. Treatment is more of management and involves lifestyle changes like exercise and weight loss. Birth control pills and other hormone therapies can help as improvement in the regularity of periods, acne and excessive hair growth. Anti-androgens and metformin also help.

Keywords: Cysts, Lifestyle, Obesity, PCOS, Rotterdam.