HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS: TYPES, FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS AND SPECIAL ATTENTION TOWARDS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS AND MANAGEMENT OF REACTION TYPES ON ELDERLY- A REVIEW

Athira K.B., Neethu J.*, Dilip Krishnan K. and Lal Prasanth M.L.

ABSTRACT

Hypersensitivity is described here as an unanticipated reaction with signs and symptoms that are unpredictably associated with the drug's known toxicity. The majority of adverse responses occur within hours of drug delivery. The majority of responses occur concurrently with or within hours following drug administration. Almost all of them are related to parenteral delivery. Flushing, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, dyspnea/bronchospasm, back discomfort, fever, pruritus, nausea, and various forms of rashes are all symptoms. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have more frequent and severe adverse effects in the elderly than in the young. Elderly people also recover more slowly from therapy. In most cancers, the elderly will respond just as effectively as their younger counterparts, assuming that the chemotherapy can be administered properly. This may be affected by physiological changes in organ function particularly renal and hepatic function. Some malignancies may behave differently in the elderly when compared to younger individuals when treated differently. Clearly, evaluating these reactions through prospective research is problematic. Some reactions may be triggered by non-immune-mediated histamine or cytokine release, as many patients can withstand reexposure after pretreatment with steroids and antihistamine, as well as gradual readministration of the drug.

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