CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA – MECHANISM AND MANAGEMENT
Ramnath E.*, Hemalatha B. and Tamiljothi E.
ABSTRACT
Drug-induced Hypoglycemia may lead to significant consequences including severe Hypoglycemia, coma, and death. Hypoglycemia symptoms can occur when blood glucose is <70 mg/dl, and the Whipple triad help to confirm the diagnosis of Hypoglycemia. Cardiovascular drugs that cause Hypoglycemia may include ACE Inhibitors, Non-Selective Beta-Blockers, Quinidine And Disopyramide can induce Hypoglycemia through multiple mechanism, including changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake secretion of insulin from pancreas as well as mask autonomic hypoglycemic symptoms the symptoms of Hypoglycemia varies greatly neurogenic or autonomic symptoms includes tremors, palpitation, anxiety, due to catecholamine mediated autonomic effects and sweating, hunger, tingling due to acetylcholine mediated autonomic effects, neuroglycopenic symptoms such as irritability, drowsiness, blurred vision, difficulty with speech, confusion, changes in behaviour as a result of brain neuronal glucose deprivation risk factors for drug-induced Hypoglycemia includes advanced age, concomitant use of more than one drug that can induce Hypoglycemia and malnutrition hepatic dysfunction and renal dysfunction, Hypoglycemia should be clinically diagnosed prior to treatment and it should differentiate between mild-moderate versus severe signs and symptoms because treatment based on level of severity patients who are conscious should receive a fast-acting carbohydrate such as glucose or simple carbohydrates or fruit juice, intravenous dextrose or intramuscular glycogen is administered to unresponsive patients. Patients receiving medication known to cause Hypoglycemia or high-risk patients should be educated regarding the associated signs and symptoms, consistent intake of meals, and snacks, and demonstration of self-monitoring of blood glucose.
Keywords: Hypoglycemia, Cardiovascular Drugs, Mechanism, Management.
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