SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND CORTISOL LEVELS IN HIV-1 PATIENTS IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA

*Elechi-Amadi Kemzi Nosike and Briggs Ojoye Ngoye

ABSTRACT

HIV infection is one of the most prevalent infections in Nigeria, and has negative effects on the human immune system. This study evaluated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cortisol in HIV positive subjects. A total of 173 subjects of age 20 to 70 years were involved in this study, comprising 60 HIV positive patients receiving HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy), 57 HAART-naïve HIV positive subjects and 56 apparently healthy control subjects. Individuals who had tuberculosis, diabetes and malaria were excluded from the study, as well as female subjects who were pregnant. The sample obtained were analysed for CD4 count using Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter (FACSCount) automation, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cortisol were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. It was observed that HIV patients had significantly reduced level of SOD and higher level of cortisol than control subjects. Those who were on HAART had lower levels of SOD and higher levels of cortisol than those who were not on HAART. The results are indicative of impaired immune function and greater oxidative stress in HIV patients. Incorporation of antioxidant therapy in the treatment regimen for HIV infection may lead to better management of the condition.

Keywords: HIV, Superoxide dismutase, Cortisol, HAART, Nigeria.